考虑这样一个问题,有hello.py脚本,输出”hello, world!”;有TestInput.py脚本,等待用户输入,然后打印用户输入的数据。那么,怎么样把hello.py输出内容发送给TestInput.py,最后TestInput.py打印接收到的”hello, world!”。下面来逐步讲解一下shell的交互方式。

hello.py代码如下:
1 2 | #!/usr/bin/python
print "hello, world!"
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TestInput.py代码如下:
1 2 3 | #!/usr/bin/python
str = raw_input()
print ( "input string is: %s" % str)
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1.os.system(cmd)
这种方式只是执行shell命令,返回一个返回码(0表示执行成功,否则表示失败)
1 2 | retcode = os.system( "python hello.py" )
print ( "retcode is: %s" % retcode);
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输出:
1 2 | hello, world!
retcode is: 0
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2.os.popen(cmd)
执行命令并返回该执行命令程序的输入流或输出流.该命令只能操作单向流,与shell命令单向交互,不能双向交互.
返回程序输出流,用fouput变量连接到输出流
1 2 3 | fouput = os.popen( "python hello.py" )
result = fouput.readlines()
print ( "result is: %s" % result);
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输出:
1 | result is: [ 'hello, world!\n' ]
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返回输入流,用finput变量连接到输出流
1 2 | finput = os.popen( "python TestInput.py" , "w" )
finput.write( "how are you\n" )
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输出:
1 | input string is: how are you
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3.利用subprocess模块
类似os.system(),注意这里的”shell=True”表示用shell执行命令,而不是用默认的os.execvp()执行.
1 2 | f = call( "python hello.py" , shell=True)
print f
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输出:
1 2 3 | hello, world!
0
subprocess.Popen()
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利用Popen可以是实现双向流的通信,可以将一个程序的输出流发送到另外一个程序的输入流.
Popen()是Popen类的构造函数,communicate()返回元组(stdoutdata, stderrdata).
1 2 3 4 5 | p1 = Popen( "python hello.py" , stdin = None, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
p2 = Popen( "python TestInput.py" , stdin = p1.stdout, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
print p2.communicate()[0]
#other way
# print p2.stdout.readlines()
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输出:
1 | input string is: hello, world!
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整合代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | #!/usr/bin/python
import os
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, call
retcode = os.system( "python hello.py" )
print ( "retcode is: %s" % retcode);
fouput = os.popen( "python hello.py" )
result = fouput.readlines()
print ( "result is: %s" % result);
finput = os.popen( "python TestInput.py" , "w" )
finput.write( "how are you\n" )
f = call( "python hello.py" , shell=True)
print f
p1 = Popen( "python hello.py" , stdin = None, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
p2 = Popen( "python TestInput.py" , stdin = p1.stdout, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
print p2.communicate()[0]
#other way
# print p2.stdout.readlines()
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