2048游戏规则：简单的移动方向键让数字叠加，并且获得这些数字每次叠加后的得分，当出现2048这个数字时游戏胜利。同时每次移动方向键时，都会在这个4*4的方格矩阵的空白区域随机产生一个数字2或者4，如果方格被数字填满了，那么就GameOver了。
来一步步的进行剖析：
（1）生成4*4的棋盘， 其中数据结构为列表嵌套列表
field = [[0 for j in range(4)] for i in range(4)]
（2）创建函数random_create, 在棋盘的一个随机位置插入一个数字2或者4，其中2的几率大
import random
def random_create():
i = random.choice(range(4))
j = random.choice(range(4))
value = random.choice([2，2，2，4])
field[i][j] = value（3）如果随机插入数字的位置已经有内容， 如何解决覆盖原有数字的问题
def random_creat():
while True:
i = random.choice(range(4))
j = random.choice(range(4))
if li[i][j] == 0:
li[i][j] = 4 if random.randint(1, 100) > 80 else 2
break
random_creat()
random_creat()（4）将生成的数据， 通过图像画出来
def draw_sep():
print('+-----' * 4 + '+')
def draw_num(row):
print(''.join('|{:^5}'.format(num) if num != 0 else '| ' for num in row) + '|')
for row in li:
draw_sep()
draw_num(row)
draw_sep()（5）矩阵的反转
def invert(field):
return [row[::-1] for row in field]（6）矩阵的转秩
def transpose(field):
return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]（7）判断棋盘是否可移动
def is_row_change(row):
# row
# 判断一行内容是否可以移动
def is_change(i):
# 判断每两个元素之间是否可以移动
if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0:
return True
if row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]:
return True
else:
return False
return any([is_change(index) for index in range(len(row) - 1)])（8）判断这个棋盘是否可左右上下移动
def is_move_left(field):
return any([is_row_change(row) for row in field])
def is_move_right(field):
# 对于列表元素进行反转
field = invert(field)
print(field)
return is_move_left(field)
def is_move_up(field):
# 对于列表元素进行转置
field = transpose(field)
return is_move_left(field)
def is_move_down(field):
# 反转+ 转置
field = transpose(field)
return is_move_right(field)棋盘的移动，相加
def tight(row): # [2, 0, 2, 0]
# 最快的方式， 通过排序实现...........
return sorted(row, key=lambda x: if x == 0 )
score = 0
# 相加
def merge(row): # [2,2,0,0]
# [0,1,2]
for i in range(len(row)-1):
# 如果两个值相等， 前一个元素*2, 后一个元素改为0。
if row[i] == row[i+1]:
row[i] *= 2
row[i+1] = 0
# 如果覆盖成功， 就给得分
global score
score += row[i]
return row棋盘左右上下移动相加
def move_row_left(self, row):
return self.tight(self.merge(self.tight(row)))
def move_left(self, field):
return [self.move_row_left(row) for row in field]
def move_right(self, field):
field = self.invert(field)
return self.invert([self.move_row_left(row) for row in field])
def move_up(self, field):
return self.transpose([self.move_row_left(row) for row in self.transpose(field)])
def move_down(self, field):
return self.invert(self.transpose([self.move_row_left(row)
for row in self.invert(self.transpose(field))]))（9）判断游戏的胜利与结束
#判断游戏何时胜利：当棋盘中出现2048时，就代表着游戏胜利
def victory(field):
li = [y for row in li for y in row]
if max(li) >= 2048:
print('Victory')
def game_over(filed):
if all((is_move_left(filed), is_move_right(filed), is_move_up(filed), is_move_down(filed))) == False:
print('Game Over')这样程序的各个部分就写好了，将各个部分封装到一个类里面，再导入curses模块来控制游戏，就可以了。
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下面是完整的代码：
import curses
from itertools import chain
from random import choice
class GameField(object):
# 初始化信息
def __init__(self, width=4, height=4, win_value=8):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.win_value = win_value
self.score = 0 # 当前得分
self.highscore = 0 # 最高分
self.moves = {}
self.moves['Left'] = self.is_move_left
self.moves['Right'] = self.is_move_right
self.moves['Down'] = self.is_move_down
self.moves['Up'] = self.is_move_up
self.movesDict = {}
self.movesDict['Left'] = self.move_left
self.movesDict['Right'] = self.move_right
self.movesDict['Down'] = self.move_down
self.movesDict['Up'] = self.move_up
def reset(self): # 重置棋盘
if self.score > self.highscore:
self.highscore = self.score # 更新最高分
self.score = 0
# 需求1: 生成4*4的棋盘， 其中数据结构选择列表嵌套列表;
self.field = [[0 for j in range(self.width)]
for i in range(self.height)]
# 在棋盘的一个随机位置插入一个数字2或者4
self.random_create()
self.random_create()
def random_create(self):
# 在棋盘的一个随机位置插入一个数字2或者4
# field[0][3] = 2
while True:
i, j = choice(range(self.height)), choice(range(self.width))
if self.field[i][j] == 0:
self.field[i][j] = choice([2, 2, 2, 4])
break
def draw(self, stdscr):
def draw_sep():
stdscr.addstr('+' + "-----+" * self.width + '\n')
def draw_one_row(row):
stdscr.addstr("".join('|{:^5}'.format(num) if num != 0 else "| " for num in row) + '|' + '\n')
# 清屏
stdscr.clear()
stdscr.addstr("2048".center(50, '-') + '\n')
stdscr.addstr("当前分数:" + str(self.score) + '\n')
if self.highscore != 0:
stdscr.addstr("最高分:" + str(self.highscore) + '\n')
for row in self.field:
draw_sep()
draw_one_row(row)
draw_sep()
# 判断是否赢或者输
if self.is_win():
stdscr.addstr("胜利!!!!" + '\n')
if self.is_gameover():
stdscr.addstr("游戏结束!!!!" + '\n')
stdscr.addstr(" 游戏帮助: 上下左右键 (R)Restart Q(Quit)")
def is_win(self):
return max(chain(*self.field)) >= self.win_value
def is_gameover(self):
# 任何方向都不能移动的时候， 游戏结束
return not any([self.move_is_possible(direction)
for direction in self.moves])
@staticmethod
def invert(field):
# 矩阵进行反转
return [row[::-1] for row in field]
# print(invert(li))
@staticmethod
# 矩阵的转置
def transpose(field):
return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]
@staticmethod
def is_row_change(row):
# row
# 需求3. 判断一行内容是否可移动。
def is_change(i): # 0
# 判断每两个元素之间是否可移动
if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0:
return True
if row[i] != 0 and row[i] == row[i + 1]:
return True
return False
return any([is_change(index) for index in range(len(row) - 1)])
# 判断这个棋盘是否可向左移动
def is_move_left(self, field):
return any([self.is_row_change(row) for row in field])
def is_move_right(self, field):
# 对于列表元素进行反转
field = self.invert(field)
print(field)
return self.is_move_left(field)
def is_move_up(self, field):
# 对于列表元素进行转置
field = self.transpose(field)
return self.is_move_left(field)
def is_move_down(self, field):
# 反转+ 转置
field = self.transpose(field)
return self.is_move_right(field)
def move_is_possible(self, direction): # 'left'
# 判断用户选择的方向是否可移动
if direction in self.moves:
return self.moves[direction](self.field)
else:
return False
# 将棋盘每一行的非0数向前移动， 0向后移动;
@staticmethod
def tight(row): # [2, 0, 2, 0]
# 最快的方式， 通过排序实现...........
return sorted(row, key=lambda x: 1 if x == 0 else 0)
def merge(self, row): # [2,2,0,0]
# [0,1,2]
for i in range(len(row) - 1):
# 如果两个值相等， 前一个元素*2, 后一个元素改为0。
if row[i] == row[i + 1]:
row[i] *= 2
row[i + 1] = 0
# 如果覆盖成功， 就给得分
self.score += row[i]
return row # [4, 0, 0, 0]
def move_row_left(self, row):
return self.tight(self.merge(self.tight(row)))
def move_left(self, field):
return [self.move_row_left(row) for row in field]
def move_right(self, field):
field = self.invert(field)
return self.invert([self.move_row_left(row) for row in field])
def move_up(self, field):
return self.transpose([self.move_row_left(row) for row in self.transpose(field)])
def move_down(self, field):
return self.invert(self.transpose([self.move_row_left(row)
for row in self.invert(self.transpose(field))]))
def move(self, direction): # 'left'
# 判断用户选择的方向是否可移动
if direction in self.movesDict:
# 判断是否可移动
if self.move_is_possible(direction):
self.field = self.movesDict[direction](self.field)
self.random_create()
return True
else:
return False
def get_user_action(stdscr):
action = stdscr.getch()
if action == curses.KEY_UP:
return 'Up'
if action == curses.KEY_DOWN:
return 'Down'
if action == curses.KEY_LEFT:
return 'Left'
if action == curses.KEY_RIGHT:
return 'Right'
if action == ord('r'):
return 'Restart'
if action == ord('q'):
return 'Exit'
def main(stdscr):
action = stdscr.getch()
def init():
# 初始化棋盘的操作
game_field.reset()
game_field.draw(stdscr)
return 'Game'
def game():
game_field.draw(stdscr)
action = get_user_action(stdscr)
if action == 'Restart':
return 'Init'
if action == 'Exit':
return 'Exit'
if game_field.move(action):
if game_field.is_win():
return 'Win'
if game_field.is_gameover():
return 'GameOver'
return 'Game'
def not_game():
game_field.draw(stdscr)
while True:
action = get_user_action(stdscr)
if action == 'Restart':
return 'Init'
if action == 'Exit':
return 'Exit'
state_actions = {
'Init': init,
'Game': game,
'Win': not_game,
'GameOver': not_game,
}
game_field = GameField()
state = 'Init'
# 如果当前状态不是退出， 那么一直执行
while state != 'Exit':
# 执行当前状态需要操作的内容， 并返回， 下一次的状态为什么.
state = state_actions[state]()
curses.wrapper(main)实现双人版的2048游戏
import curses
import random
from itertools import chain
class GameField(object):
def __init__(self, width=4, height=4, win_value=2048):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.win_value = win_value
self.score1 = 0
self.score2 = 0
self.highscore = 0
self.moves = {}
self.moves['Left1'] = self.is_left_move
self.moves['Right1'] = self.is_right_move
self.moves['Up1'] = self.is_up_move
self.moves['Down1'] = self.is_down_move
self.moves['Left2'] = self.is_left_move
self.moves['Right2'] = self.is_right_move
self.moves['Up2'] = self.is_up_move
self.moves['Down2'] = self.is_down_move
self.movesDict1 = {}
self.movesDict2 = {}
self.movesDict1['Left1'] = self.left_move
self.movesDict1['Right1'] = self.right_move
self.movesDict1['Up1'] = self.up_move
self.movesDict1['Down1'] = self.down_move
self.movesDict2['Left2'] = self.left_move
self.movesDict2['Right2'] = self.right_move
self.movesDict2['Up2'] = self.up_move
self.movesDict2['Down2'] = self.down_move
def random_create1(self):
while True:
i, j = random.randint(0, self.height - 1), random.randint(0, self.width - 1)
if self.field1[i][j] == 0:
self.field1[i][j] = random.choice([2, 2, 2, 4])
break
def random_create2(self):
while True:
i, j = random.randint(0, self.height - 1), random.randint(0, self.width - 1)
if self.field2[i][j] == 0:
self.field2[i][j] = random.choice([2, 2, 2, 4])
break
def reset(self):
self.field1 = [[0 for j in range(self.width)] for i in range(self.height)]
self.score1 = 0
self.field2 = [[0 for j in range(self.width)] for i in range(self.height)]
self.score2 = 0
self.random_create1()
self.random_create1()
self.random_create2()
self.random_create2()
def draw(self, stdscr):
stdscr.clear()
self.score1 = sum(chain(*self.field1))
self.score2 = sum(chain(*self.field2))
if max(self.score1, self.score2) > self.highscore:
self.highscore = max(self.score1, self.score2)
stdscr.addstr('最高分：' + str(self.highscore) + ' ')
stdscr.addstr('玩家1分数：' + str(self.score1) + ' ')
stdscr.addstr('玩家2分数：' + str(self.score2) + '\n')
for row in self.field1:
stdscr.addstr('+' + '-----+' * self.width + '\n')
stdscr.addstr("".join('|{:^5}'.format(num) if num != 0 else "| " for num in row) + '|' + '\n')
stdscr.addstr('+' + '-----+' * self.width + '\n')
if self.is_win1():
stdscr.addstr('胜利\n')
if self.is_gameover1():
stdscr.addstr('游戏结束\n')
for row in self.field2:
stdscr.addstr('+' + '-----+' * self.width + '\n')
stdscr.addstr("".join('|{:^5}'.format(num) if num != 0 else "| " for num in row) + '|' + '\n')
stdscr.addstr('+' + '-----+' * self.width + '\n')
if self.is_win2():
stdscr.addstr('胜利\n')
if self.is_gameover2():
stdscr.addstr('游戏结束\n')
stdscr.addstr("玩家1：上下左右键 玩家2：wasd键（R）重置（Q）退出")
def is_win1(self):
return max(chain(*self.field1)) >= self.win_value
def is_win2(self):
return max(chain(*self.field2)) >= self.win_value
def is_gameover1(self):
return not any([self.is_move_possible1(direction) for direction in self.moves])
def is_gameover2(self):
return not any([self.is_move_possible2(direction) for direction in self.moves])
@staticmethod
def invert(field):
return [row[::-1] for row in field]
@staticmethod
def transpose(field):
return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]
@staticmethod
def is_row_change(row):
for i in range(len(row) - 1):
if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0:
return True
elif row[i] != 0 and row[i] == row[i + 1]:
return True
else:
return False
def is_left_move(self, field):
return any([self.is_row_change(i) for i in field])
def is_right_move(self, field):
return any([self.is_row_change(i) for i in self.invert(field)])
def is_up_move(self, field):
return any([self.is_row_change(i) for i in self.transpose(field)])
def is_down_move(self, field):
return any([self.is_row_change(i) for i in self.invert(self.transpose(field))])
def is_move_possible1(self, direction):
if direction in self.moves:
return self.moves[direction](self.field1)
else:
return False
def is_move_possible2(self, direction):
if direction in self.moves:
return self.moves[direction](self.field2)
else:
return False
@staticmethod
def row_move(row):
row = sorted(row, key=lambda x: 1 if x == 0 else 0)
for i in range(len(row) - 1):
if row[i] == row[i + 1]:
row[i] *= 2
row[i + 1] = 0
return sorted(row, key=lambda x: 1 if x == 0 else 0)
def left_move(self, field):
return [self.row_move(i) for i in field]
def right_move(self, field):
return self.invert([self.row_move(i) for i in self.invert(field)])
def up_move(self, field):
return self.transpose([self.row_move(i) for i in self.transpose(field)])
def down_move(self, field):
return self.transpose(self.invert([self.row_move(i) for i in self.invert(self.transpose(field))]))
def move1(self, direction):
if direction in self.movesDict1 and self.is_move_possible1(direction):
self.field1 = self.movesDict1[direction](self.field1)
self.random_create1()
return True
else:
return False
def move2(self, direction):
if direction in self.movesDict2 and self.is_move_possible2(direction):
self.field2 = self.movesDict2[direction](self.field2)
self.random_create2()
return True
else:
return False
def get_user_action(stdscr):
action = stdscr.getch()
if action == curses.KEY_UP:
return 'Up1'
elif action == curses.KEY_DOWN:
return 'Down1'
elif action == curses.KEY_LEFT:
return 'Left1'
elif action == curses.KEY_RIGHT:
return 'Right1'
elif action == ord('r'):
return 'Restart'
elif action == ord('q'):
return 'Exit'
elif action == ord('w'):
return 'Up2'
elif action == ord('s'):
return 'Down2'
elif action == ord('a'):
return 'Left2'
elif action == ord('d'):
return 'Right2'
def main(stdscr):
def init():
game_field.reset()
game_field.draw(stdscr)
return 'Game'
def game():
game_field.draw(stdscr)
action = get_user_action(stdscr)
if action == 'Restart':
return 'Init'
if action == 'Exit':
return 'Exit'
if action in ('Up1', 'Down1', 'Left1', 'Right1'):
if game_field.move1(action):
if game_field.is_win1():
return 'Win'
if game_field.is_gameover1():
return 'GameOver'
if action in ('Up2', 'Down2', 'Left2', 'Right2'):
if game_field.move2(action):
if game_field.is_win2():
return 'Win'
if game_field.is_gameover2():
return 'GameOver'
return 'Game'
def not_game():
game_field.draw(stdscr)
while True:
action = get_user_action(stdscr)
if action == 'Restart':
return 'Init'
if action == 'Exit':
return 'Exit'
game_field = GameField()
state = 'Init'
state_actions = {
'Init': init,
'Game': game,
'Win': not_game,
'GameOver': not_game
}
while state != 'Exit':
state = state_actions[state]()
curses.wrapper(main)
