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    Django如何自定义Field实现多语言

    爱喝马黛茶的安东尼爱喝马黛茶的安东尼2019-07-03 13:25:02原创2253

    Django高级编程之自定义Field实现多语言

    自定义数据库字段

    扩展默认的models.CharField和models.TextField使之成为支持多语言的字段。可以轻松实现复用,无需配置多余选项。

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    from django.conf import settings

    from django.db import models

    from django.utils.translation import get_language

    class MultilingualField(models.Field):

        SUPPORTED_FIELD_TYPES = [models.CharField, models.TextField]

        def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, **kwargs):

            self.localized_field_model = None

            for model in MultilingualField.SUPPORTED_FIELD_TYPES:

                if issubclass(self.__class__, model):

                    self.localized_field_model = model

            self._blank = kwargs.get("blank", False)

            self._editable = kwargs.get("editable", True)

            super().__init__(verbose_name, **kwargs)

        @staticmethod

        def localized_field_name(name, lang_code):

            lang_code_safe = lang_code.replace("-", "_")

            return f"{name}_{lang_code_safe}"

        def get_localized_field(self, lang_code, lang_name):

            _blank = (self._blank

                      if lang_code == settings.LANGUAGE_CODE

                      else True)

            localized_field = self.localized_field_model(

                f"{self.verbose_name} ({lang_name})",

                name=self.name,

                primary_key=self.primary_key,

                max_length=self.max_length,

                unique=self.unique,

                blank=_blank,

                null=False, # we ignore the null argument!

                db_index=self.db_index,

                default=self.default or "",

                editable=self._editable,

                serialize=self.serialize,

                choices=self.choices,

                help_text=self.help_text,

                db_column=None,

                db_tablespace=self.db_tablespace)

            return localized_field

        def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name,

                                private_only=False):

            def translated_value(self):

                language = get_language()

                val = self.__dict__.get(

                    MultilingualField.localized_field_name(

                            name, language))

                if not val:

                    val = self.__dict__.get(

                        MultilingualField.localized_field_name(

                                name, settings.LANGUAGE_CODE))

                return val

            # generate language-specific fields dynamically

            if not cls._meta.abstract:

                if self.localized_field_model:

                    for lang_code, lang_name in settings.LANGUAGES:

                        localized_field = self.get_localized_field(

                            lang_code, lang_name)

                        localized_field.contribute_to_class(

                                cls,

                                MultilingualField.localized_field_name(

                                        name, lang_code))

                    setattr(cls, name, property(translated_value))

                else:

                    super().contribute_to_class(

                        cls, name, private_only)

    class MultilingualCharField(models.CharField, MultilingualField):

        pass

    class MultilingualTextField(models.TextField, MultilingualField):

        pass

    这里定义了 MultilingualCharField 和 MultilingualTextField字段。

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    使用方法

    settings.py中配置多语言

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    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

    LANGUAGES = (

        ('en-us', 'US English'),

        ('zh-hans', 'Asia/Shanghai')

    )

    默认语言设置为中文,多语言为英语

    models.py中使用字段

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    from django.db import models

    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

    from utils.fields import (

        MultilingualCharField,

        MultilingualTextField

    )

    class Item(models.Model):

        title = MultilingualCharField(_('Title'), max_length=200)

        description = MultilingualTextField(_('Description'), blank=True)

        content = MultilingualTextField(_('Content'))

        def __str__(self):

            return self.title

    效果图

    z.png

    可以看到,数据库字段自动生成了相应语言的字段,当用户语言切换到其他,可以自动适配实现多语言。

    专题推荐:django field 多语言
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