步骤
1、计算数据集S中的每个属性的熵 H(xi)
2、选取数据集S中熵值最小(或者信息增益,两者等价)的属性
3、在决策树上生成该属性节点
4、使用剩余结点重复以上步骤生成决策树的属性节点
实例
import numpy as np import math from collections import Counter # 创建数据 def create_data(): X1 = np.random.rand(50, 1)*100 X2 = np.random.rand(50, 1)*100 X3 = np.random.rand(50, 1)*100 def f(x): return 2 if x > 70 else 1 if x > 40 else 0 y = X1 + X2 + X3 Y = y > 150 Y = Y + 0 r = map(f, X1) X1 = list(r) r = map(f, X2) X2 = list(r) r = map(f, X3) X3 = list(r) x = np.c_[X1, X2, X3, Y] return x, ['courseA', 'courseB', 'courseC'] # 计算集合信息熵的函数 def calculate_info_entropy(dataset): n = len(dataset) # 我们用Counter统计一下Y的数量 labels = Counter(dataset[:, -1]) entropy = 0.0 # 套用信息熵公式 for k, v in labels.items(): prob = v / n entropy -= prob * math.log(prob, 2) return entropy # 实现拆分函数 def split_dataset(dataset, idx): # idx是要拆分的特征下标 splitData = defaultdict(list) for data in dataset: # 这里删除了idx这个特征的取值,因为用不到了 splitData[data[idx]].append(np.delete(data, idx)) return list(splitData.values()), list(splitData.keys()) # 实现特征的选择函数 def choose_feature_to_split(dataset): n = len(dataset[0])-1 m = len(dataset) # 切分之前的信息熵 entropy = calculate_info_entropy(dataset) bestGain = 0.0 feature = -1 for i in range(n): # 根据特征i切分 split_data, _ = split_dataset(dataset, i) new_entropy = 0.0 # 计算切分后的信息熵 for data in split_data: prob = len(data) / m new_entropy += prob * calculate_info_entropy(data) # 获取信息增益 gain = entropy - new_entropy if gain > bestGain: bestGain = gain feature = i return feature # 决策树创建函数 def create_decision_tree(dataset, feature_names): dataset = np.array(dataset) counter = Counter(dataset[:, -1]) # 如果数据集值剩下了一类,直接返回 if len(counter) == 1: return dataset[0, -1] # 如果所有特征都已经切分完了,也直接返回 if len(dataset[0]) == 1: return counter.most_common(1)[0][0] # 寻找最佳切分的特征 fidx = choose_feature_to_split(dataset) fname = feature_names[fidx] node = {fname: {}} feature_names.remove(fname) # 递归调用,对每一个切分出来的取值递归建树 split_data, vals = split_dataset(dataset, fidx) for data, val in zip(split_data, vals): node[fname][val] = create_decision_tree(data, feature_names[:]) return node # 决策树节点预测函数 def classify(node, feature_names, data): # 获取当前节点判断的特征 key = list(node.keys())[0] node = node[key] idx = feature_names.index(key) # 根据特征进行递归 pred = None for key in node: # 找到了对应的分叉 if data[idx] == key: # 如果再往下依然还有子树,那么则递归,否则返回结果 if isinstance(node[key], dict): pred = classify(node[key], feature_names, data) else: pred = node[key] # 如果没有对应的分叉,则找到一个分叉返回 if pred is None: for key in node: if not isinstance(node[key], dict): pred = node[key] break return pred
以上就是python决策树算法的实现步骤,希望对大家有所帮助。更多Python学习指路:python基础教程
本文教程操作环境:windows7系统、Python 3.9.1,DELL G3电脑。