tarfile包中的.open(name, mode)方法能够以mode指定的方式打开name压缩文件，并返回一个TarFile类对象。调用TarFile对象的extractall(path)方法可以将tar文档解压到path指定的位置。
import tarfile tar = tarfile.open( '*.tar.gz', mode = "r:gz") #"r:gz"表示 open for reading with gzip compression tar.extractall(path='temp') ### 将tar.gz文件解压到temp文件夹下 tar.close()
open返回的对象不但可以用来读文档数据（'r': reading），还可以写('w': writing)，附加('a': appending)。
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如下是mode取值所对应的含义：
'r' or 'r:*' open for reading with transparent compression
'r:' open for reading exclusively uncompressed
'r:gz' open for reading with gzip compression
'r:bz2' open for reading with bzip2 compression
'r:xz' open for reading with lzma compression
'a' or 'a:' open for appending, creating the file if necessary
'w' or 'w:' open for writing without compression
'w:gz' open for writing with gzip compression
'w:bz2' open for writing with bzip2 compression
'w:xz' open for writing with lzma compression
'x' or 'x:' create a tarfile exclusively without compression, raise
an exception if the file is already created
'x:gz' create a gzip compressed tarfile, raise an exception
if the file is already created
'x:bz2' create a bzip2 compressed tarfile, raise an exception
if the file is already created
'x:xz' create an lzma compressed tarfile, raise an exception
if the file is already created
'r|*' open a stream of tar blocks with transparent compression
'r|' open an uncompressed stream of tar blocks for reading
'r|gz' open a gzip compressed stream of tar blocks
'r|bz2' open a bzip2 compressed stream of tar blocks
'r|xz' open an lzma compressed stream of tar blocks
'w|' open an uncompressed stream for writing
'w|gz' open a gzip compressed stream for writing
'w|bz2' open a bzip2 compressed stream for writing
'w|xz' open an lzma compressed stream for writing
